Management of individuals exposed to multidrug-resistant or rifampicin-resistant tuberculosis

Individuals exposed to a person with infectious multidrug-resistant or rifampicin-resistant (MDR-RR) tuberculosis are at risk of developing tuberculosis disease. Historically, insufficient empirical evidence for preventive treatment in this group has led to inadequate guidance for clinical decision-making. However, several high-quality studies have now been published, detailing preventive treatment options for these high-risk contacts. In this Review, we discuss the management of individuals exposed to patients with infectious MDR-RR tuberculosis.