Battling tuberculosis: The role of immunity, treatment, and patience

Tuberculosis (TB) remains a prevalent and serious health concern in India. Many adults underestimate the disease, despite widespread awareness. Early symptoms such as fatigue, persistent cough, weight loss, or loss of appetite are often overlooked. It's crucial to recognize these signs for timely intervention.

Lifestyle factors such as irregular sleep patterns, poor nutrition, smoking, and alcohol use can significantly weaken the immune system. This weakened immunity makes the body more susceptible to TB infection and can also complicate the recovery process. Adopting healthy habits is essential for prevention.

Early diagnosis and proper care are crucial for effective TB management. Delayed treatment can lead to serious complications, prolonged recovery periods, and even hospitalization. Dr. Anusha C M, Consultant in Respiratory Medicine at Manipal Hospital Malleshwaram, emphasizes, “Strengthening immunity through a balanced diet, adequate sleep, and an active lifestyle is as important as medical treatment. Persistent symptoms should never be ignored.”

CASE STUDY: MANISH’S LONG ROAD TO RECOVERY

Manish [name changed], a 41-year-old graphic designer from Bangalore, experienced firsthand how quickly lifestyle habits can negatively impact health. After starting a new job in Electronic City, his routine became unhealthy due to skipped breakfasts, late dinners, and irregular sleep, compounded by 20 years of smoking and alcohol consumption. His experience underscores the importance of a healthy lifestyle.

Soon, Manish experienced fatigue, loss of appetite, a persistent cough, and swollen legs, prompting his family to seek medical attention. A chest X-ray revealed unusual opacity in his left lung, indicating a potential issue. Prompt medical intervention is key for accurate diagnosis and treatment.

At Manipal Hospital Malleshwaram, Dr. Anusha C M confirmed pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) with fluid in the lung. Blood tests also revealed low protein levels, likely due to poor nutrition and unhealthy lifestyle habits, making recovery more challenging. Manish was immediately started on anti-tubercular treatment (ATT) and albumin supplementation to address the protein deficiency.

Just days into treatment, Manish developed chest discomfort and breathlessness. A repeat X-ray revealed a rare right-sided hydropneumothorax, an accumulation of air and fluid in the lungs. An intercostal chest drain (ICD) was inserted to address the fluid buildup and improve his breathing.

He subsequently developed grade 4 subcutaneous emphysema, with air spreading to his arms, legs, neck, and abdomen, requiring careful suction therapy. Blood counts also dropped due to ATT, necessitating high-dose corticosteroids that further suppressed his immunity. This complex situation required a multifaceted approach to management.

The most critical phase occurred when Manish developed a bronchopleural fistula, a small hole between the lung and pleural space, preventing removal of the chest tube. Surgery was avoided, and conservative care with low-power suction, lung exercises, and regular monitoring was implemented. This approach prioritized allowing the body to heal naturally.

Speaking to India Today, Dr. Anusha C M said, “Sometimes giving the body time to heal is the best approach. Conservative care with patience and proper support can make recovery possible – even in complicated cases like this.” This highlights the importance of patience and supportive care in challenging medical situations.

After about 1.5 months, the air leak stopped, and the chest tube was removed. Manish also committed to major lifestyle changes, including quitting alcohol and cigarettes, improving his diet, and prioritizing sleep. These changes were crucial for his long-term recovery and well-being.

“What I could do at 30, my body may not support at 40. Eat well, sleep right, and stay active,” Manish advises. Although he lost his job due to TB stigma, he is slowly recovering and getting back on his feet. His experience demonstrates the importance of adapting to one's body and prioritizing health.

Dr. Anusha C M further told India Today, “Tuberculosis is still very common in India. Strengthen immunity with proper sleep, balanced nutrition, activity, and stress management. Persistent cough, fatigue, weight loss, or loss of appetite should prompt early consultation with a pulmonologist.” Early detection and prevention are key to managing TB effectively.

Manish’s story underscores that patience, adherence to treatment, and lifestyle changes are essential for overcoming even complicated TB cases. A holistic approach that combines medical care with personal responsibility is crucial for successful recovery and a return to good health.